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Carl Jung, die voor de Jung theorie van de kunsttherapie wordt gekend, was één van de collega's van de beroemde Oostenrijkse psychiater, Sigmund Freud, de stichter van de psychoanalytische school van psychologie. Freud werd die internationaal met zijn groundbreaking theorieën betreffende bewust wordt erkend versus onbewuste delen van de mening. Gelijktijdig beginnend met zijn Jung theorieën van de kunsttherapie, was Jung van mening dat alhoewel Freud het doel van zijn therapie onbewuste bewust maakte, hij van mening was dat het aan geluid werd gemaakt alsof het een onplezierige „ketel van kokende wensen.“ was

Maar volgens de Amerikaanse Vereniging van de Therapie van de Kunst, hadden Inc., Carl Jung en Sigmund Freud samen, samen met veel andere psychiatrische individuen tegelijkertijd, groot de ontwikkeling van kunsttherapie indienen. It was thought that these historical practitioners had the same insight that entered into the development of art therapy, along with its application of conflict resolution. The healing and learning that was derived from the "talk therapy" these men eventually became known for, was thought to have built a base for uncovering the unconscious levels of the mind. But many feel that it was the Jung art therapy that seemed to be the method upon which today's art therapy received its roots.

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Helping people communicate what they are unable to think and feel on a normal level is the ultimate goal of art therapy, and art therapy for treatment of schizophrenia has developed its initial stages within Pennsylvania's Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic with the utmost of success. According to Robyn Cruz, director of creative and expressive arts therapies, about 2,500 schizophrenia patients participate in their art therapy program for outpatients with schizophrenia for the past 15 years.

The reason that art therapy for treatment of schizophrenia is successful is because art therapy is a safe and effective tool to use with people who cannot share their thoughts and feelings adequately through the tried-and-true traditional methods of "talk therapy" conversation. And the medications that are normally documented to reduce and control the mental illness of schizophrenia are often discontinued because the side effects are sometimes worse than the disease itself.

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Art therapy is simply the professional therapeutic ability to use artwork that has been done by individuals who desire personal development. This development has not been able to be achieved, due to trauma, personal crisis, illness, and certain challenges that have affected their life.

People of all ages use art therapy, done by a professional art therapist who has been trained extensively about the human development, artistic traditions in a multitude of cultures, psychological theories, and the healing abilities regarding the use of art. Services are provided to these individuals through art therapy because they cannot articulate through words, emotions, and feelings about their true state of mind.

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The very first journal developed in the field of art therapy was the Bulletin of Art Therapy, published in 1961, now called the American Journal of Art Therapy. Founder and editor, Elinor Ulman, felt that anything that was to be called art therapy must involve both art and therapy, also saying that art was the meeting ground of the inner and outer world. Both theories brought into effect the art therapy of today.

In addition to Elinor Ulman, she had a friend by the name of Bernard Levy–Chairman of the Psychology Department at the George Washington Univeristy, whom she worked with at D.C. General Hospital in the 1950s. Levy, also an artist and psychologist, helped her begin the Bulletin of Art Therapy in addition to an early training program at the George Washington University.

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In order to be an art therapist, a master’s level is required by those who hold a degree in art therapy, or in a related field. Furthermore, an art therapist needs to have professional credentialing, which involves the Art Therapy Credentials Board, also known as the ATCB.

Following the American Art Therapy Association, also known as the AATA, it became the national credentialing body for governing art therapy. And the ATCB Board has now recognized several mental health fields that are associated with art therapy–counseling, marriage and family therapy, social work, psychology, addictions counseling, psychiatric nursing, and psychiatry.

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